Rectifier



W- 9 w33# i H WALTER 3,126,053

mmmmmA Filed my .13, im

innmiflimnw ATTORNEY,

Patented Aug. 9, 1938 UNITED STATI-:s

PATENT OFFICE RECTIFIER Hans Walter, Berlin-Siemensstadt, Germany, as-

signor to Siemens & Halske Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin-Siemensstadt, Germany, a corporation of Germany Application May 13, 1935, Serial No. 21,074

In Germany May 16, 1934 V Claims.

This invention relates to an improved rectifier arrangement especially designed to obtain rectiiiers in which separate groups of rectiiers or pairs thereof exhibit similar characteristics.

For many purposes in electrical engineering,-

more particularly in the measuring and comoutput end of the modulator is only possible ifv the 'rectifiers possess suiciently close characteristics. Now, it has been discovered that it is attended with a good deal of difficulty to obtain rectiers as coming from the factory of which two or more will exhibit identical characteristics, seeing that there vis found wide divergence in reference to widely varying measuring data of the characteristics. ,For instance, while in some, say, the Ro values may show serious discrepancies,

it may be the stopping (non-transmissive) or the conductive valuesL that vary greatly in others.

According to the invention, rectifier arrange- E ments, especially with a view to realizing rectiiiers presenting in pairs or in greater number similarv characteristics are obtained, by that each rectifier, especiallyv those of the so-called dry type (cuprous-oxide, etc.) consistsv of a large number of paralleled constituent elements arrayed in` such a fashion that the characteristic statistically speaking is composed of those of the individual or componental elements or elementary units. These constituent rectifiers according to the invention arev preferably chosen at randoml from a certain manufacturing series and then electrically connectedV together. I'ofbe sure, it is known from the prior art that relatively great numbers of dry (cuprous-oxide) rectier ele` ments (rectifier: pills) are connected in seriesy and combined to result in piles or columns in order that for the constituent rectifers a voltage division may be obtained. By the paralleling of such constituent rectiers it would, a priori, seem that no success is obtainable inasmuch as the combination of a plurality of` such assemblies would invariably turn out to be more costly than a rectiiier of a correspondingly large surface or area. Still, by the paralleling of an assembly of pills, it is feasible to insure rectiiier arrange-v ments and circuits whose characteristics will be made similar to a close degree merely by virtue of statistical averaging of`values. Fundamentally speaking-though this would involve a vgood deal of trouble-it'would, for example, be feasible to use from a 20-mm. disk with a zero value `R0 of about 700 ohms for a certain circuit scheme,

' say, a modulator and to locate among a large number of products a similar diskpresenting a 5 characteristic thatwill deviate but little from the other. If, however, instead of the large disk a group of 300parallel pills is employed 'of which Ieach one has an R-value of about 200,000 ohms,

then, in accordance withknown laws of averages, the group rectiflers will present an error or Vdeviation of i. e., 17 times smaller than that of the individuals. For example, if the disks which are to be assembled to result in a pair, e. g., of ya modulator, diiTer ori the average by 20% in any kind of `properties at all, then groups` of rectifiers which are composed in accordance with this in- 20 vention, will merely differ by 1.2%. It is not necessary that the-rectifiers should all be con nected in parallel relation to one another; for it will be evident that parts thereof could be used also in seriation. '26

'I'he disposition or assembling of the small rectifier elements to result in groups may be accomplished in widely varying ways. Inl order that circuit (wiring) and solder work may be minimized'as much as possible these two exemplified 30 embodiments of the invention will be found to be favorable. l This invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 shows a 'cross-section of a parallel 35 arrangement of a pluralityof copper discs; Fig. 2 is an elevation of a pile of rectifier discs with connection leads arranged in a group; Fig. 3 is a plan View of Fig. 2.

Referring now in detail to Fig. 1; copper discs 40 S with a cuprous oxide film may be placed upon a metallic base plate g which merely forms the conducting connection.' The second coat could consist of a metallic foil I which is pressureapplied upon the constituent disks by the aid of spring cushions 2 consisting o'f rubber, felt, cork,- or similar materials. The counter-pressure plate 3, which is preferably screwed together with the base plate g, affords the assembly or combination a irm hold. l According to Figs. 2 and 3, the pills vare arranged to result in a pile, the constituent or. elementary pills s being supported by strips. l. The pills are always disposed alternately in such a way that pairs of pills are turned towards each other with their coat or copper face. Between the various pills metal coats or leads 4 are provided and brought out alternately in opposite senses. 'Ihe coats brought out to one side are interconnected electrically, say, by clamps, soldering, or the like.

The rectifier arrangement according toA this invention is not restricted in its practical applica-V to cuprous-oxide rectiers having means for 'ob' taining separate groups of which each separate group possesses substantially the same electrical characteristics, each separate group of rectiiiers comprising a relatively large number of single rectiiier elements arranged on a metallic base, a metallic foil and resilient means located above said base to connect said rectifier elements in parallel relationship.

2. A rectifier arrangement particularly adapted to cuprous-oxide rectiilers having means for obtaining separate groups of which each separate group possesses substantially the same electrical characteristics comprising a separate group of rectiiiers composed of a relatively large nu'mber of elements arranged upon a metallic base, a metallic foil located 'above-said base to connect said rectiiler elements in parallel relationship, a spring cushion member located above said metallic foil, a pressure plate located above said cushion' member and clamped to said base plate to apply pressure to said single rectier units.

3. A rectifier arrangement particularly adapted to cuprous-oxide rectiflers having means for ob Also electrolytic rectitainingl separate groups of which each separate group possesses substantially the same electrical characteristics comprising a separate group of.

rectiiiers composed of a relatively large number of elements arranged upon a metallic base, a metallic foil located above said base to connect said rectifier elements in parallel relationship, a rubber cushion member located above said metallic foil, a pressure plate located above said cushion member and clamped to 4said base plate to apply pressure to said single rectiiier units.

,4; A rectifier arrangement particularly adapted to cuprous-oxide rectiflers having means for obtaining separate groups of which each separate group possesses substantially the same electrical characteristics comprising a separate group of rectiiiers composed of a relatively large number of elements arranged upon a metallic base, a metallic foil located above said base to connect said rectiiier elements in parallel relationship, a cork cushion member located above said metallic foil, a pressure plate located above said cushion member and clamped to said base plate to apply pressure to said single rectifier units.

5. A reetier arrangement particularly adapted to cuprous-oxide rectiiiers having means for ob taining separate groups of which each separate group possesses substantially the same electrical characteristics comprising .a separate group of rectiers composed of a relatively large number of elements arranged upon a metallic basel aA metallic foil located above said base to connect said rectier elements in paiallel relationship, a felt cushion member located above said metallic foil, a pressure plate located above said cushion.

HANS WALTER. 

